Which nixon veto did congress override

Right now, if the Senate fails to override this veto, we will leave him the very illimitably claimed power we are trying to curb. Speaker, the House of Representatives has the historic opportunity to reassert its constitutionally mandated obligation in the area of war powers.

The war powers resolution is purely and simply a legitimate effort by Congress to restore its rightful and responsible role under the Constitution. This historic legislation will, if enacted into law, reestablish once and for all the traditional war making responsibilities which the framers of the Constitution assigned to Congress years ago.

Ever since the dawn of the atomic age, it has been popular to suggest that Congress is outmoded and too disorganized to respond swiftly in times of national emergency. Even Congress began to believe its critics and gradually abdicated its war-making powers to the sole judgment of one individual, the president. In tampering with our time-proven system of shared war making responsibilities, we got off the tract and short-circuited the entire system.

Much of the polarization, the dissension and the downright frustration that this country suffered during the Vietnam conflict can be attributed to the fact that Congress was ignored by a series of presidents and refused to assert itself. The people looked to their elected representatives to take a stand or to assist in the formulation of our foreign policy and they found that Congress was either unwilling or incapable of doing so.

Critics of the bill charge that it will shackle the president, or destroy his mobility and independence in times of national emergency. In fact, this bill brings us back to the Constitution, it brings us back to the basic principles of joint war making powers that have stood us in good stead for years.

Speaker, I have twice voted against House Joint Resolution , the so-called war powers bill recently vetoed by President Nixon. I believe a careful reading of the bill indicates that, despite presidential and some press interpretations, it is actually an expansion of presidential war making power, rather than a limitation. In its important specifics, the bill interprets the Constitution as permitting the president to engage troops when there is an attack upon the United States, its territories or possessions, or its Armed Forces.

Second, it permits a commitment of U. The day period may be extended for an additional 30 days upon presidential certification that unavoidable military necessity so requires.

Finally, the resolution clearly states that nothing in the bill is intended to alter the constitutional authority of the Congress or the president. I believe that such unilateral presidential action should not be so lightly authorized.

The war powers granted to the president are not conditioned upon an emergency that precludes prior congressional approval, or even the allegation that such an emergency exists. It merely authorized the president to initiate a war, provided he reports to Congress within 48 hours. The report may even be unverified. This is the Gulf of Tonkin and Cambodia revisited—and legitimatized.

First, it can defeat Gulf of Tonkin resolutions. Second, it can muster the courage to cut all funding for military action taken by the president with which it disagrees. Third, it can impeach a president who usurps congressional war making power. I think this legislation would only serve to tempt the Soviet Union even further to probe and pry to test the flexibility of this legislation. Speaker, the events of the past few weeks have added graphically new timeliness and significance to this debate.

In order to ensure such response, the president must have not only the explicit authority to take immediate action, but enough implicit authority to convince foreign powers that actions taken today will not be reversed or rendered meaningless tomorrow. Shorn of the power to act decisively, the presidency and the foreign policy he constitutionally directs would be incapable of playing their crucial, stabilizing roles in the world—roles which have achieved so much for peace over the years.

My vote, however, should not be misconstrued. While I find laudable the effort to clarify the constitutional authority of Congress to be heard in matters involving the commitment of U. The so-called war powers bill, in permitting a 2-month troop commitment to combat before congressional action or inaction to support or reject it, is a permanent Gulf of Tonkin resolution, a blank check for future Presidents to involve us in future Vietnams and Koreas. I will support a war powers bill which fully restores to the Congress the authority of an equal partner as intended by the framers of our Constitution.

House Joint Resolution does not require that, but rather gives a dangerous carte blanche to the chief executive. Should it become law I am sure it will prove an unsatisfactory effort to restore to the Congress powers arrogated by and to the presidency over the years. Cold War America. Sinews of Peace Iron Curtain. Inaugural Address. Gideon v. Declaration of Honorary Citizen of United States o Speech on the Challenger Disaster.

Reflections on the Bicentennial of the United Stat Commercial Republic. United States Objectives and Programs for National The Kitchen Debate. Farewell Address to the Nation Radio and Television Report to the American People The General Market Process. Acceptance Speech at the Republican National Conve Executive Order No. Joint Statement Following Discussions with Leaders Human Rights and Foreign Policy. Fullilove v. Acceptance Speech at Republican Convention. First Inaugural Address State of the Union Address Second Inaugural Address Farewell Address Reagan.

Foreign Policy. Chapter Containment and the Truman Doctrine. Speech on the Marshall Plan. Speech on the Truman Doctrine. Excerpts from Sources of Soviet Conduct. Excerpts from The Cold War. Speech on the North Atlantic Treaty. Speech Explaining the Communist Threat. The Long Telegram. Letter to James Byrnes. Telegram Regarding American Postwar Behavior. Special Message to the Congress on Greece and Turk The Truman Doctrine.

Argument against Involvement in the Chinese Civil Letter to Eleanor Roosevelt. Observations on China. Address on the Occasion of the Signing of the Nort Speech on the Far East.

Speech at Berkeley, California. Address in Spokane at Gonzaga University. Radio and Television Address on the Situation in K Special Message to the Congress Reporting on the S Excerpt from Broadcast on Radio Peking. Report to the American People on Korea. Statement on Liberation Policy. Farewell Address to the American People. Statement of Policy by the National Security Counc Observations on Massive Retaliation.

Special Message to the Congress on the situation i Report to the American People Regarding the Situat Report to President Kennedy on South Vietnam. Minutes of the Meeting of the Special Group Augme Memorandum for Discussion During the Cuban Missile Soviet Reactions to Certain U. Courses of Action Proclamation authorizing the naval quarantin Remarks in the Rudolph Wilde Platz, Berlin.

Limited Test Ban Treaty. Congress's power to override the President's veto forms a "balance" between the branches on the lawmaking power. Students can use a veto message and vetoed bill to make a direct connection between the Constitution, the legislative and veto process, and the separation of powers between the legislative and executive branches of government.

A facsimile of a President Richard Nixon veto and the vetoed bill S. The content of this veto message and vetoed bill provide additional evidence of the separation of powers and checks and balances. Referring to the "deeply rooted" "constitutional principle" of separation of powers, President Nixon explains that he is exercising the veto because S.

He maintains that the Presidential power to remove executive officers is "an exclusive power that cannot be infringed upon by the Congress. Read the Background Information for Teachers to see an overview of the Constitutional clauses which delineate the veto process and a description of the text or markings in the documents which illustrate the process in action.

Direct students to define "veto" and "veto override. Ask students to locate in the document evidence of each of the steps in the veto process as described in Article I, Section 7, clause 2 of the Constitution. Use Worksheet 1 to identify the steps and locate the evidence. Refer to the Background Information for Teachers for assistance identifying all parts of the process.

Evaluate the success of the veto and veto override powers as one of the "checks and balances" embedded into the Constitution. What did the Founders hope to accomplish by including these powers? Could that goal have been reached in a more effective manner? If so, how? How could these powers be abused? Have these powers been abused in the past?

Several attempts have been made to give the President "line-item veto" power, but all have failed Congress passed a law in granting line-item veto power to the President, but the Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional in Clinton v. City of New York, U. The cease-fire had gone into effect on January 27 at midnight as part of the Paris Peace Accords. The provisions of the cease-fire left over , Communist troops in South Vietnam.

The build-up of these forces did not bode well for the South Vietnamese because the fighting had continued after only a momentary lull when the cease-fire was instituted. Congress was cutting U. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us!

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