Who is baumrind

ERIC digest. Family relationships and adolescent psychosocial outcomes: Converging findings from Eastern and Western cultures. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 14 , Family characteristics and adolescent competence in India: Investigation of youth in southern Orissa. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 28, Influence of peers, parents, and individual characteristics on adolescent drug use in two cultures.

Merril-Palmer Quarterly, 45 , From authoritative parenting practices to an authoritarian context: Exploring the person-environment fit. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 17 , Child Development, 68 , We know some things: Adolescent-parent relationships in retrospect and prospect. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 11 , Beyond parental control and authoritarian parenting style: Understanding Chinese parenting through the cultural notion of training.

Child Development, 65 , Baumrind earned undergraduate degrees in both philosophy and psychology from Hunter College. Baumrind would come to develop a description and formulation of parenting styles and their impact on how children develop. As a single parent of three daughters, she chose research in part because the work hours allowed her more time with her family.

Download Types of Parentings Styles pdf. Have trouble motivating your child? Check out:. Baumrind D. Child care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behavior. Genet Psychol Monogr.

In: Handbook of Child Psychology. Socialization, Personality, and Social Development. Darling N, Steinberg L. Parenting style as context: An integrative model. Psychological Bulletin. Human Development. Published online Miklikowska M, Hurme H.

European Journal of Developmental Psychology. Published online June 28, Child Development. Published online October Spera C. Educ Psychol Rev. Published online June Nyarko K. Published online September Strage A, Brandt TS. Journal of Educational Psychology.

Relationship of perceived parenting styles, locus of control orientation, and self-concept among junior high age students. Psychol Schs.

J Abnorm Child Psychol. Published online June 12, In , researchers Eleanor Maccoby and John Martin felt that Diana Baumrind's theory was incomplete and introduced a fourth parenting style - the uninvolved parent. These parents are neither demanding nor responsive. Basically, they don't care. And, children of uninvolved parents often "act out" or become involved in deviant behaviors in an effort to get their parents' attention.

Baumrind has been the cause of a lot of controversy because of her stance on physical or corporal punishment. Diana Baumrind supports the occasional use of spanking as a form of discipline and states that her research has shown no negative long-term impact on children if the punishment is delivered within an authoritative style where the child does not perceive the action as harsh or cruel. She also states that abusive parents are typically authoritarian, although not all authoritarian style parents are abusive.

But, this stance continues to be a controversy within the parenting field. Many researchers disagree vehemently with Baumrind and many countries have also banned physical punishment both in school and at home.

They claim that the more a parent uses physical punishment the greater the likelihood of this punishment escalating to abuse. Some experts also believe that punishing a child using physical aggression will encourage them to become more physically aggressive themselves. And the bottom line is - does it make sense? Isn't spanking a child for something such as throwing a toy at a friend, biting, or hitting another child an oxymoron? I'm going to hit you to teach you that hitting is wrong?

Even as an adult, that makes no sense, so how can we expect our children to understand? Baumrind has had great influence in the area of research ethics, which began with her strong response to Stanley Milgrim's Study of Obedience. Milgrim told his study subjects that he was conducting research on the relationship between punishment and learning when, in fact, he was actually testing people's compliance to authority to determine how far someone would be willing to go for the sake of obedience.

Baumrind disagreed with the deception, claiming that Milgrim created high levels of stress in the subjects, and failed to show respect or concern for participant's welfare. She believed that once the truth was revealed, many subjects would feel used, embarrassed, and distrustful of authority in the future.

Basically, she felt that the relationship between the researcher and the subjects had been violated. In response to her criticism, many researchers claimed that a certain amount of deception is necessary to get accurate results. For example, parents are going to be on their "best behavior" if they know that they are being observed. Or, an adolescent is not likely to engage in deviant behavior if a police officer is within sight. Despite a continuing argument, Baumrind has been influential in changing the way much research is done and in making sure that subjects are treated less like lab rats and more like human beings.

As a researcher, Baumrind has written many journal articles and book chapters on parenting styles, family socialization, moral development, adolescence, and research ethics. Much of her work is very "clinical", meaning that it is written for other experts and researchers within the field of psychology. However, some of her writings have become quite famous and can be very informative, even for parents who don't necessarily agree with her viewpoints.

These two articles earned Baumrind recognition within the field of parenting. They introduced the three parenting styles and examined the effects that these child-rearing practices have on behavior.

These articles outline a very detailed study contrasting self-reliant, mature, trusting, and content children with those who were distrustful, unhappy, immature, and dependent. By observing the various parenting styles, Baumrind looked at the relationship between development and parental control.

Factors discussed included punishment, authority, freedom and autonomy, self-regulation, and fear. The article concludes with the observation that the authoritative parenting style is the perfect balance and the best approach for both the parents and children.